explosion
(BLEVE, Fireball, VCE, Flash Fire)

This is called a brevi, and is translated as a boiling liquid expansion vapor explosion or boiling liquid vapor diffusion explosion. It is an explosive phenomenon caused by the rapid boiling of a liquid and is triggered by the rupture of the container.

This phenomenon occurs when flammable vapors released into the atmosphere by BLEVEs or similar devices rapidly ignite while suspended in the air, forming a fireball that generates a very large amount of radiant heat.

An outdoor gas cloud explosion that generates enough explosive pressure to cause damage.

A railway tanker (CO2, 231 tons, 90% full), with a CO2 pressure of 7 barg and a temperature of -15°C, was traveling at 16 km/h at a track switching point when white smoke was emitted from the safety valve. An explosion then occurred 15 meters away from another train. The fragments amounted to 22 pieces (equivalent to 80% of the total volume) and were blown in two directions over a distance of 360 meters. The cause was attributed to the tank's fragility.

LPG spherical tank 1,600 m³x4, 2,400m³There were 2 units of each, totaling 48 bullets measuring 13-32m in length and 2-3.5m in diameter, covering a total area of 11,000-12,000m at the time of the accident.³LPG was stored there. It was a major accident that killed approximately 500 people, injured approximately 7,000, and almost completely destroyed the surrounding area. For some reason, the LNG leaked and spread beyond the 3-foot containment dam, and by the time it reached the flare pit, it had formed a vapor cloud about 2 meters high.
At 5:45 AM, ignition occurred, causing a flash fire. Several buildings into which the gas had entered exploded. One minute after the flash fire, a massive explosion occurred, generating a fireball and sending one or two bullets flying. The fire and the collision of debris caused a series of BLEVEs, including a 1,600m³ LPG spherical tank.³The four units were completely destroyed, but 2,400m³Two of the tanks were almost undamaged, with only their legs buckling. The 12 Bullets flew over 100m, and one even flew an astonishing 1,200m. Only four Bullets remained in their original positions. A residential area about 300m away suffered extensive damage and many casualties. There were 10 to 20 fragments of the spherical tank, while the Bullets were torn in two.

Leakage from piping, 30 tons of cyclohexane (50% gas, 50% in mist form)
Ignition and explosion occurred 30 to 90 seconds later, killing 28 people, injuring 36, and destroying the entire plant. Turbulence was generated by the gas fire itself from the leak source, equivalent to 15-45 tons of TNT, with pressure waves of 5-10 bar.

A leak from a liquefied natural gas pipeline caused a gas cloud to spread for about 8 km. A railway line was located about 800 m away, and trains coming from opposite directions crossed paths, causing the gas cloud to become agitated and enter a turbulent zone. The train then ignited the gas, resulting in two explosions, followed by flash fires in two directions. Trees within a 4 km radius of the explosion site were flattened. 645 people died.

An 838cm crack in an 8-inch liquefied propane transport line (1,200 psiG) caused a leak, and the evaporation of the gas cloud spread along the terrain. The gas cloud spread to 30.4 hectares, including forests, farms, and a highway. The gas ignited, destroying farms and cars, killing two people. Three people on the highway suffered severe burns (90%), one of whom later died. Flames continued to shoot up to 120m high from the leak site.

A trailer (carrying pressurized liquefied propane) overturned while trying to avoid an oncoming vehicle, crashing into a rock and damaging the tank, causing 8,800 kg of propane to leak. To the right was a sheer cliff and forest, and to the left was a valley (about 20m below). There were houses 60m away, and the following vehicle and driver were about 80m away, while the people in other following vehicles were 135m away. When the gas cloud spread to the houses 60m away, it ignited from the truck, burning like a fireball with a diameter of 120m. The truck driver died instantly, and the people in the following vehicles, who were outside the gas cloud, suffered severe burns.